{"id":16781,"date":"2026-05-07T18:28:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-07T16:28:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.white-baos.com\/?p=16781"},"modified":"2026-05-07T18:29:03","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T16:29:03","slug":"donation-portant-atteinte-a-lheritage-inofficiosite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.white-baos.com\/fr\/donation-portant-atteinte-a-lheritage-inofficiosite\/","title":{"rendered":"Donation portant atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. R\u00e9duction des donations inofficieuses. R\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire des h\u00e9ritiers. Conseil juridique sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\n\n\n

R\u00c9SUM\u00c9 DE L\u2019ARTICLE<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.- Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une donation inofficieuse et quand peut-elle porter atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage ?<\/strong>
En droit espagnol, une donation est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme inofficieuse lorsque sa valeur d\u00e9passe ce que le donateur pouvait transmettre librement sans porter atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire de ses h\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires. Cette limitation est pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l\u2019article 636 du Code civil espagnol. Toutes les donations ne cr\u00e9ent pas ce probl\u00e8me : seules celles qui, lors du calcul de la succession, apparaissent excessives par rapport au patrimoine total du d\u00e9funt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.- Qui peut demander la r\u00e9duction et comment l\u2019exc\u00e8s est-il calcul\u00e9 ?<\/strong>
Seuls les h\u00e9ritiers ayant droit \u00e0 une r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire peuvent demander la r\u00e9duction : descendants, ascendants et conjoint survivant. Le calcul est effectu\u00e9 au moment du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du donateur, en additionnant la valeur des biens existants et celle des donations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es de son vivant. Si plusieurs donations sont inofficieuses, elles sont r\u00e9duites en commen\u00e7ant par les plus r\u00e9centes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.- Quels sont les effets de la r\u00e9duction et quels d\u00e9lais faut-il prendre en compte ?<\/strong>
La donation inofficieuse n\u2019est pas annul\u00e9e dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9, mais uniquement pour la partie exc\u00e9dant ce qui est l\u00e9galement autoris\u00e9. L\u2019action doit \u00eatre exerc\u00e9e dans un d\u00e9lai de 5 ans \u00e0 compter du d\u00e9c\u00e8s. La r\u00e9duction n\u2019affecte pas les tiers acqu\u00e9reurs de bonne foi, mais elle concerne directement le donataire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

En droit espagnol, certains membres de la famille (enfants, parents, conjoint survivant\u2026) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une part r\u00e9serv\u00e9e de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Cette part est appel\u00e9e la \u00ab r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire \u00bb et b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019une protection particuli\u00e8re. Dans l\u2019article de cette semaine, nous analysons ce qui se passe lorsqu\u2019une succession soumise au droit espagnol comprend une donation portant atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire des h\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une donation inofficieuse ? Article 636 du Code civil espagnol.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le Code civil espagnol fixe une limite claire \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de donner. Nul ne peut transmettre gratuitement plus que ce qu\u2019il pourrait l\u00e9guer par testament. Lorsque cette limite est d\u00e9pass\u00e9e, la donation devient inofficieuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019article 636 du Code civil<\/a> espagnol est explicite :<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u00ab Nul ne pourra donner ni recevoir, par voie de donation, plus qu\u2019il ne peut donner ou recevoir par testament. La donation sera inofficieuse pour tout ce qui exc\u00e8de cette limite. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que la donation produise ses effets d\u00e8s sa perfection (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que le donataire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie imm\u00e9diatement du bien donn\u00e9), le probl\u00e8me peut appara\u00eetre au d\u00e9c\u00e8s du donateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand une donation peut-elle \u00eatre excessive ? Le calcul de l\u2019exc\u00e8s.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En Espagne, pour d\u00e9terminer si une donation est inofficieuse, un calcul est effectu\u00e9 au moment du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du donateur. \u00c0 cette fin, on additionne la valeur des biens existants au d\u00e9c\u00e8s (d\u00e9duction faite des dettes<\/a>) et celle des donations rapportables consenties du vivant du d\u00e9funt. Le r\u00e9sultat constitue la base de calcul permettant de d\u00e9terminer les r\u00e9serves h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires des h\u00e9ritiers. Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 partir de ce calcul qu\u2019il est possible de v\u00e9rifier si les donations ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 la limite autoris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si le donataire est un h\u00e9ritier r\u00e9servataire (enfant, petit-enfant, ascendant ou conjoint), la donation s\u2019impute en premier lieu sur sa r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire stricte. S\u2019il subsiste un exc\u00e9dent, celui-ci pourra, selon les circonstances, \u00eatre imput\u00e9 \u00e9galement sur la quotit\u00e9 d\u2019am\u00e9lioration. Et seulement s\u2019il reste encore un surplus, sur la quotit\u00e9 disponible. Ce n\u2019est que lorsque, apr\u00e8s cette imputation, les r\u00e9serves des autres h\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires sont l\u00e9s\u00e9es qu\u2019il peut \u00eatre question de donation inofficieuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En revanche, si le donataire est un tiers \u00e9tranger \u00e0 la succession, la donation ne peut \u00eatre imput\u00e9e que sur la quotit\u00e9 disponible. Si elle d\u00e9passe cette quotit\u00e9, elle est inofficieuse pour l\u2019exc\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qui peut demander la r\u00e9duction et dans quel ordre ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l\u2019article 655 du Code civil espagnol, seules les personnes ayant droit \u00e0 une r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire peuvent demander la r\u00e9duction :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.- Les descendants (enfants et petits-enfants).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.- Les ascendants (parents et grands-parents).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.- Le conjoint survivant<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

.- Leurs h\u00e9ritiers ou ayants droit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u2019il existe plusieurs donations inofficieuses, elles sont r\u00e9duites en commen\u00e7ant toujours par les plus r\u00e9centes. Si, apr\u00e8s r\u00e9duction des donations, l\u2019atteinte subsiste, les legs pourront \u00e9galement \u00eatre r\u00e9duits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quels sont les effets de la r\u00e9duction ? D\u00e9lais.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La donation inofficieuse n\u2019est pas annul\u00e9e dans son int\u00e9gralit\u00e9. Elle n\u2019est r\u00e9duite qu\u2019\u00e0 hauteur de l\u2019exc\u00e9dent. L\u2019opinion majoritaire consid\u00e8re que le d\u00e9lai de prescription pour exercer l\u2019action en r\u00e9duction est de 5 ans \u00e0 compter du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du donateur. La r\u00e9duction affecte directement le donataire, sans pr\u00e9judice de la protection accord\u00e9e par la loi aux tiers acqu\u00e9reurs de bonne foi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Une donation portant atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage peut \u00eatre contest\u00e9e par les h\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires. Si vous vous trouvez dans cette situation, que vous soyez h\u00e9ritier voyant sa r\u00e9serve r\u00e9duite ou donataire faisant l\u2019objet d\u2019une r\u00e9clamation, White & Baos Avocats peut vous conseiller. Nous sommes sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en droit civil et en droit des successions. N\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter. Lorsqu\u2019une loi diff\u00e9rente du droit espagnol est applicable \u00e0 la succession, il conviendra d\u2019\u00e9tudier le cas concret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les informations fournies dans cet article ne constituent pas un conseil juridique ; elles ont uniquement pour objet de transmettre des informations relatives \u00e0 des questions juridiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carlos Baos (Avocat)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

White & Baos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e9l : +34 966 426 185<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-mail : info@white-baos.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

White & Baos 2026 \u2013 Tous droits r\u00e9serv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peut-\u00eatre que les services et articles suivants pourraient \u00e9galement vous int\u00e9resser :<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9voquer une donation en Espagne. Nous analysons l\u2019 \u00ab ingratitude \u00bb comme raison juridique.<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9voquer une donation pour apparition d\u2019enfants ou de descendants. Guide juridique pratique. Code civil. Conseil juridique sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9<\/a>.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Donations sp\u00e9ciales. Donation sous r\u00e9serve de disposition et interdiction de vente. Conseil juridique.<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

R\u00c9SUM\u00c9 DE L\u2019ARTICLE 1.- Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une donation inofficieuse et quand peut-elle porter atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage ?En droit espagnol, une donation est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme inofficieuse lorsque sa valeur d\u00e9passe ce que le donateur pouvait transmettre librement sans porter atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire de ses h\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires. Cette limitation est pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l\u2019article 636 du Code […]<\/p>\n

Lire la suite…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16716,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[598,504],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-la-contestation-et-nullite-de-testaments-en-espagne-motifs-de-contestation-comment-annuler-un-testament-ou-les-dernieres-volontes-determination-de-la-loi-applicable-heritages-internationaux-trans","category-transmission-de-biens-donation-etc"],"yoast_head":"\nDonation portant atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. Inofficiosit\u00e9.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Donation portant atteinte \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00e9ritage. R\u00e9duction des donations inofficieuses. R\u00e9serve h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire. H\u00e9ritiers r\u00e9servataires. 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